Wales is one of the four constituent nations of the United Kingdom. Wales has never been a sovereign state with precisely the same borders as now. However, in the eleventh century Gruffudd ap Llywelyn gained control of a territory with much the same boundaries as modern Wales but by the time of the Anglo-Norman conquest of West Wales in 1282, Wales had reverted to being a collection of independent kingdoms. It was not until 1955 that the Queen declared the capital of Wales to be Cardiff, although the Prince of Wales is usually invested at Caernarfon. In 1999, the National Assembly for Wales was formed, with powers to amend primary legislation from the Parliament of the United Kingdom.